Predictive Capabilities of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G and Galectin-13 Levels in the Amniotic Fluid and Maternal Blood for the Pregnancy Outcome
Placental growth includes extensive vasculogenesis and angiogenesis controlled by multifunctional angiogenic factors, which are expressed by trophoblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells and also secreted into the maternal circulation [1,2]. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a member of the c...
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| Dokumentumtípus: | Cikk |
| Megjelent: |
2024
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| Sorozat: | MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
60 No. 1 |
| Tárgyszavak: | |
| doi: | 10.3390/medicina60010085 |
| mtmt: | 34470612 |
| Online Access: | http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/35396 |
| Tartalmi kivonat: | Placental growth includes extensive vasculogenesis and angiogenesis controlled by multifunctional angiogenic factors, which are expressed by trophoblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells and also secreted into the maternal circulation [1,2]. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a member of the class Ib histocompatibility family, which is expressed in the placenta [3]. Soluble (s)HLA-G isoforms include HLA-G1 and HLA-G5-7. The sHLA-G isoforms are detectable in both extravillous and villous cytotrophoblasts, as well as in the chorion membrane and syncytiotrophoblasts [3,4]. The sHLA-G isoforms play critical roles in trophoblast invasion, remodelling of spiral arteries, fetal development, and materno-fetal immune tolerance [3,5]. Increasingly, findings support the role of HLA-G in complications associated with pregnancy. The level of total soluble and membrane-bound HLA-G decreased significantly in cases of preeclamptic placenta and maternal serum compared with placenta and maternal serum of pregnant women with no relevant complications in [6,7]. An increased level of HLA-G5 in the placenta [8] and in maternal serum [9] was observed in preeclampsia (PE), whereas a diminished sHLA-G1 level was described in PE [9] in the third trimester. Decreased sHLA-G level and reduced membrane-bound HLA-G protein expression were linked to recurrent miscarriage [10]. Placental protein-13 (PP13) is a member of the galectin family and is synthesized in syncytiotrophoblasts [11]. PP13 promotes the migration and differentiation of trophoblasts and is implicated in the vascular remodelling of spiral arteries in early pregnancy. Moreover, it contributes to immunoregulation by inducing apoptosis of maternal T cells [12,13]. PP13 can predict preeclampsia in the first trimester [14,15]. Maternal serum PP13 levels are lower in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [16]; however, diminished levels of PP13 were found in non-complicated pregestational diabetes mellitus [17]. Both sHLA-G and PP13 can be detected in maternal blood [14,15,16,18,19,20,21,22] and amniotic fluid [19,23,24,25]. The interrelation of the fetoplacental growth during gestation and the levels of these angiogenic factors in maternal serum and amniotic fluid have not been investigated yet. Therefore, this study aims to determine sHLA-G and PP13 protein levels related to sonographic parameters of the fetus and placenta during mid-trimester as well as to perinatal outcome. |
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| Terjedelem/Fizikai jellemzők: | 13 |
| ISSN: | 1010-660X |