Pakistan’s International Cooperation Laws with Global Standards to Combat Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Proceeds of Crime A Scoping Review /
This scoping review investigates Pakistan's international cooperation framework for combating money laundering (ML), terrorist financing (TF), and asset recovery in the proceeds-of-crime scenario. With a focus on legal studies published between 2014–2022, we used Arksey and O'Malley's...
Elmentve itt :
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| Dokumentumtípus: | Cikk |
| Megjelent: |
2022
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| Sorozat: | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATON NETWORKS AND INFORMATION SECURITY
14 No. 3 |
| Tárgyszavak: | |
| mtmt: | 36281388 |
| Online Access: | http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/37532 |
| Tartalmi kivonat: | This scoping review investigates Pakistan's international cooperation framework for combating money laundering (ML), terrorist financing (TF), and asset recovery in the proceeds-of-crime scenario. With a focus on legal studies published between 2014–2022, we used Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) five-stage method. Scopus, HeinOnline, JSTOR, and Google Scholar searches returned the first set of ~1,100 records; screening the titles, abstracts, and full text narrowed this down to 26 full texts reviewed and 17 included. Literature shows that Pakistan's MLA and extradition regimes were traditionally underdeveloped and only turned the spotlight after FATF pressure Key themes are: (1) FATF-led reforms – the 2018 grey-listing of Pakistan leading to a 27-point action plan and fresh legislation; (2) Legal framework deficiencies – Pakistan did not have a legislative MLA law until 2020 but used UNCAC and MoUs instead; (3) Challenges in implementation – lack of institutional capacity, data collection, and restrictive reciprocity conditions delay cooperation; (4) Practices of extradition – Pakistan's 1972 Extradition Act mandates dual criminality but allows extradition of nationals, but the process is slow and does not have special provisions for ML/TF; and (5) Asset recovery challenges – political meddling and bureaucratic bottlenecks have delayed repatriation of corruption proceeds. In general, the results indicate that although Pakistan has made legislative progress (e.g. Mutual Legal Assistance (Criminal Matters) Act, 2020), there are still substantial gaps in treaty coverage and operational capacity. Future research should include policy documents and non-English sources, and Pakistan increases its bilateral and multilateral network of treaties to enhance the tracing and return of criminal assets |
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| Terjedelem/Fizikai jellemzők: | 1211-1231 |
| ISSN: | 2076-0930 |